Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/588017d87f8c9d0a098b4935
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção periodontal

Laboratorial diagnosis of the periodontal infection

Viana, A.C.; Calabrich, C.F.C.; Orrico, S.R.P.

Downloads: 4
Views: 4865

Resumo

Atualmente, existem diversos métodos para a detecção de microrganismos periodontopatogênicos. Os testes laboratoriais são complementares ao exame clínico periodontal, podendo auxiliá-lo no diagnóstico e na escolha da conduta terapêutica a ser adotada. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão crítica dos principais testes disponíveis para o diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção periodontal.

Palavras-chave

Técnicas microbiológicas, técnicas e procedimentos de laboratório, periodontite.

Abstract

At this moment, there are several methods for the detection of periodontopathic bacteria. The laboratorial tests are complementary to the periodontal clinic examination, they can be an aid in the periodontics diagnostic and treatment decisions. The purpose of the authors is to present the principal tests used in the laboratorial diagnosis of the periodontal infections.

Keywords

Microbiological techniques, laboratory techniques and procedures, periodontitis

References



1. Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol. 1965;36:177-87.

2. Newman HN. Plaque and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. A question of ecology. J Clin Periodontol. 1990;17:533–41.

3. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease – current concepts. J Periodontol. 1992;63:322–31.

4. Loomer PM. Microbiological diagnostic testing in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2004;34:49-56.

5. Genco RJ, Kornman K, Williams R, Offenbacher S, Zambon JJ, Ishikawa I, et al. Consensus report periodontal diseases: pathogenesis and microbial factors. Ann Periodontol. 1996;1: 926–32.

6. Dreyer WP. Technological advances in the clinical diagnosis of periodontal diseases. Int Dent J. 1993;43:557- 66.

7. Louie H, Larjava H. A critical evaluation of diagnostic tests for periodontal diseases J Periodontol. 1994;60:1042-8.

8. Pilatti GL, Ferreira ZA, Pereira OL. Métodos avançados de diagnóstico da doença periodontal. RGO. 1998; 46:230-4.

9. Sanz M, Lau L, Herrera D, Morillo JM, Silva A. Methods of detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythensis in periodontal microbiology, with special emphasis on advanced molecular techniques: a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:1034.

10. Tsai CY, Wolff LF, Germaine G, Hodges J. A rapid DNA probe test compared to culture methods for identification of subgingival plaque bacteria. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30:57–62.

11. Lau L, Sanz, M, Herrera D, Morillo JM, Martyn C, Silva A. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction versus culture: a comparison between two methods for the detection and quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:1061–9.

12. Chan EC, Siboo R, Keng T, Psarra N, Hurley R, Cheng SL, et al. Treponema denticola (ex. Brumpt 1925) sp. nov., nom. rev., and identification of new spirochete isolates from periodontal pockete. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1993: 43; 196-203.

13. Grisi MFM, Silva Neto CR, Salvador SL, Ito IY. Teste Bana - análise da literatura, utilização na clínica de periodontia. Periodontia. 1996; 5:352-8.

14. Morillo JM, Lau L, Sanz M, Herrera D, Martyn C, Silva A. Quantitative real-time PCR based on single copy gene sequence for detection of periodontal pathogens. J Clin Peridontol. 2004;31:1054–60.

15. Wolff LF, Aeppli DM, Pihlstrom B, Anderson L, Stoltenberg J, Osborn J, et al. Natural distribution of 5 bacteria associated with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1993;20:699-706.

16. Sakamoto M, Suzuki M, Umeda M, Ishikawa I, Benno Y. Reclassification of Bacteroides forsythus (Tanner et al. 1986) as Tannerella forsythensis corrig., gen.nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002;52:841–9.

17. Ihara H, Miura T, Kato T, Ishihara K, Nakagawa T, Yamada S, et al. Detection of Campylobacter rectus in periodontitis sites by monoclonal antibodies. J Periodontal Res. 2003;38:64 –72.

18. Callens A. Darkfield or phase contrast microscopy. Usefuness in periodontology. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 1992;99:381-4.

19. Loesche WJ, Bretz W, Kerschensteiner D. Development of a diagnostic test for anaerobic periodontal infections based on plaque hydrolysis of benzoil-DL-argininenaphthylamide. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28:1551-9.

20. Loesche WJ. The identification of bacteria associated with periodontal disease and dental caries by enzymatic methods. Oral Microbial Immunol. 1986;1:65-72.

21. Laughon BE, Syed SA, Loesche WJ. API ZYM system for identification of Bacteroides spp. and spirochetes of oral origin. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;15:97-102.

22. Bretz WA, Loesche WJ. Characteristics of trypsin-like activity in subgengival plaque samples. J Dent Res. 1987;66:1668-72.

23. Schmidt EF, Bretz WA, Hutchinson RA, Loesche WJ. Correlation of the hydrolysis of benzoyl-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) by plaque with clinical parameters and subgengival levels of spirochetes in periodontal patients. J Dent. Res. 1988;67:1505-9.

24. Loesche WJ, Syed SA, Stoll J. Trypsin-like activity in subgingival plaque. A diagnostic marker for spirochetes and periodontal disease? J Periodontol. 1987; 58:266- 73.

25. Fonseca L. Correlação entre o teste BANA da placa subgengival de crianças brasileiras, níveis de inflamação e presença de espiroquetas [Tese de Doutorado]. Araraquara: Faculdade de Odontologia da UNESP; 1990.

26. Salvador S, Grisi MFM, Romanelli R, Schork A, Bretz W. Similarities of periodontal clinical and microbiological parameters in mother-child pairs. Braz Dent J. 1997;8:99-104.

27. Tunes UR, Fonseca L, Correia AP. Estudo de alterações periodontais em gestantes e sua relação com a microbiota de amostras da placa subgengival, detectada pelo teste BANA. Periodontia. 1999;8(1):73-86.

28. Kinane DF, Adonogianaki E, Moughal N, Mooney J, Thornhill M. Immunocytochemical characterization of cellular infiltrate, related endothelial changes and determination of GCF acute phase proteins during human experimental gingivitis. J Periodontal Res. 1991;26:286- 8.

29. Forgas LB, Nilius AM. Assessing periodontal desease activity. The role of bacteriological, immunological and DNA assays. J Dent Hyg. 1991;65:188-93.

30. Nisengard RJ, Mikulski L, McDuffie D, Bronson P. Development of a Rapid latex agglutination test for periodontal pathogens. J Periodontol. 1992;63:611-7.

31. Barbosa e Silva E, Peruchi CMS, Silva FB, Cardozo WV, Ferreira HC, Garcia VG. Os atuais métodos para diagnóstico em periodontia. JBC: J Bras Clin Estet Odontol. 1999;3(16): 81-7.

32. Kornman KS. Detection and quantification of Bacteroides gingivalis in bacterial mixtures by means of flow cytometry. J Periodontal Res. 1984;19:570-3.

33. Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Auad RM, Jorge AOC. Métodos para detecção de patógenos periodontais. PGR: Pós- Graduação em Revista. 2000; 3:97-104.

34. Greenstein G. Microbiologic assessments to enhance periodontal diagnosis. J Periodontol. 1988;59:508-15.

35. Zambon JJ. Immunological assays for putative periodontal pathogens. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1986;1:39-44.

36. Genco RJ, Zambon JJ. Clinical microbiology in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal desease. J Am Coll Dent. 1989;56:19-27.

37. Melvin WL, Assad DA, Miller GA, Gher ME, Simonson L, York AK. Comparison of DNA probe and ELISA microbial analysis methods and their association with adult periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1994;65:576-82.

38. Gmur R, Guggenheim B. Monoclonal antibodies for the detection of periodontopathic bacteria. Arch Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990;35:1455-515.

39. Snyder B, Ryerson CC, Corona H, Grogan EA, Reynolds HS, Contestable PB, et al. Analytical performance of an immunologic-based periodontal bacterial test for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. J Periodontol. 1996;67:497- 505.

40. MacPhee IT, Muir KF. Dark ground microscopy in relation to 3 clinical parameters of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;12:900-4.

41. Socransky SS, Smith C, Martin L, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE, Levin AE. Checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Biotechniques. 1994;17:788–92.

42. Zambon JJ. Periodontal disease: microbiological factors. Ann Periodontol. 1996; 1: 879-925.

43. Conrads G, Pelz K, Hughes B, Seyfarth I, Devine DA. Optimized oligonucleotides for the differentiation of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrecens. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1997;12:117–20.

44. Stefani A, Sallum AW, Lima AFM. Diagnóstico microbiológico através da sonda de DNA. Periodontia. 2001;11(3):18-21.

45. Liu L, Wen X, He H, Shi J, Ji C. Species-specific DNA probe for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from adult chinese periodontal patients and healthy subjects. J Periodontol. 2003;74:1000-6.

46. Komiya A, Kato T, Nakagawa T, Saito A, Takahashi J, Yamada S, et al. A rapid DNA probe method for detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol. 2000;71:760- 7.

47. Tanner ACR, Maiden MF, Zambon JJ, Thoren GS, Kent RL Jr. Rapid chair-side DNA probe assay of Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res. 1998;33:105–17.

48. Armitage GC. Periodontal diseases: diagnosis. Ann Periodontol. 1996;1(1):37-215.

49. Newman MG, Sanz M. Diagnóstico por técnicas avançadas. In: Carranza Júnior FA, Newman MG. Periodontia clínica. 8a. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 1997. p. 399-414.

50. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Martin L, Haffajee JA, Uzel NG, et al. Use of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to study complex microbial ecosystems. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004;19:352-62.

51. Feres M, Haffajee AD, Allard K, Som S, Socransky SS. Change insubgingival microbial profiles in adult periodontitis subjects receiving either systemically-administered amoxicillin or metronidazole. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28:597–609.

52. Mullis KB, Falaoona FA. Specifics synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalysed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:335-50.

53. Lotufo RF. Técnicas microbiológicas no diagnóstico periodontal. In: Tunes UR, Rapp GE, coordenadores. Atualização em periodontia e implantodontia. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 1999. P. 121-8.

54. Gumerlock PH, Tang Yj, Meyers FJ, Silva Jr J. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for the specific and direct detection of Clostridium difficile in human feces. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;16:1053-60.

55. Yoshida A, Kawada M, Suzuki N, Nakano Y, Oho T, Saito T, et al. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction as say for the correlation of Treponema denticola numbers with the severity of periodontal disease. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004;19:196-200.

56. Meuer S, Wittwer C, Nakagawara K. Rapid cycle realtime PCR. Methods and applications. Berlin: Springer- Verlag; 2001.

57. Mackay IM, Arden KE, Nitsche A. Real-time PCR in virology. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30:1292 -305.

58. Kubar A, Saygun I, Yapar M, Ozdemir A, Slots J. Realtime PCR quantification of cytomegalovirus in aggressive periodontitis lesions using TaqMan technology. J Periodontal Res. 2004;39:81-6.

59. Loesche WJ, Lopatin DE, Stoll J, Van Poperin N, Hujoel PP. Comparison of various detection methods for periodontopathic bacteria: can culture be considered the primary reference standard? J Clin Microbiol. 1992;30:4118-26.

60. Eick S, Pfister W. Comparison of microbial cultivation and a commercial nucleic acid based method for detection of periodontopathogenic species in subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29:638–44.

61. Jervoe-Storm PM, Koltzscher M, Falk W, Dorfler A, Jepsen S. Comparison of culture and real-time PCR for detection and quantification of five putative periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:778-83.
588017d87f8c9d0a098b4935 rou Articles
Links & Downloads

Rev. odontol. UNESP

Share this page
Page Sections