Cardiovascular risk in obese patients with chronic periodontitis. A clinical controlled study
Risco cardiovascular em pacientes obesos com periodontite crônica. Estudo clínico controlado
Pires, Juliana Rico; Dezem, Thais Uenoyama; Barroso, Eliane Marçon; Toledo, Benedicto Egbert Corrêa de; Monteiro, Sally Cristina M.; Martins, Alex Tadeu; Zuza, Elizângela Partata
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease and cardiovascular events. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in obese patients with and without periodontal. Material and method: One hundred patients were divided into four groups: Group O - obese without chronic periodontitis (n=25); Group OP - obese with chronic periodontitis (n=25); Group NO - non-obese without chronic periodontitis (n=25); and Group NOP - non-obese with chronic periodontitis (n=25). Demographic and laboratorial data (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein - HDL and low-density lipoprotein - LDL, triglycerides, and glucose); anthropometric measurements (body mass index - BMI; waist circumference - WC; body fat - BF); blood pressure; and periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing - BOP, periodontal probing depth – PPD, and the clinical attachment level - CAL) were evaluated. Cardiovascular risk was obtained according to the PROCAM’s score. The correlation between obesity, periodontal disease and risk for CVD was verified by Spearman’s test (α = 0.05). Result: The group OP showed a statistically higher rate of PPD ≥ 7 mm (11.2 ± 2.03) when compared with other groups, as well as higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL (p≤0.05). The risk for CVD was statistically higher in the group OP (28.1 ± 3.3) when compared with group O (16.5 ± 3.5), group NOP (12.8 ± 3.9), and group NO (7.7 ± 0.9). Obesity and periodontal disease are directly related to a moderate increase in CVD risk (r = 0.53, p <0.0001 and r = 0.62, p <0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: It was concluded that obesity and periodontal disease increases the risk to cardiovascular events.
Keywords
Resumo
Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado que a obesidade tem sido considerada um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença periodontal e dos eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco às doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) em pacientes obesos com e sem doença periodontal. Material e método: Participaram do estudo 100 pacientes, os quais foram divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo O – obeso sem periodontite crônica (n=25), Grupo OP – obeso com periodontite crônica (n=25), Grupo NO - não obeso sem periodontite crônica (n=25), Grupo NOP – não obeso com periodontite crônica (n=25). Foram avaliados dados demográficos e laboratoriais (colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade – HDL e de baixa densidade – LDL, triglicérides e glicemia), dados antropométricos (índice de massa corporal – IMC; circunferência abdominal – CA; gordura corporal – GC), pressão arterial e parâmetros periodontais (sangramento à sondagem – SS, profundidade de sondagem - PS e nível de inserção clínico – NIC). O risco cardiovascular foi obtido baseado no escore de PROCAM. A correlação entre obesidade, doença periodontal e risco às DCVs foi verificado pelo teste de Spearman (α=0,05). Resultado: O grupo OP apresentou estatisticamente maior quantidade de sítios com PS ≥ 7 mm (11,2±2,03) quando comparado aos outros grupos (p≤0,05). Os níveis de triglicérides, colesterol total e LDL foram estatisticamente maiores no grupo OP. O risco às DCVs foi estatisticamente maior no grupo OP (28,1±3,3) quando comparado ao grupo O (16,5±3,5), grupo NOP (12,8±3,9) e grupo NO (7,7±0,9). A obesidade e a doença periodontal estão diretamente relacionadas com um aumento moderado do risco DCVs (r=0,53; p<0,0001 e r=0,62; p<0,0001, respectivamente). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a obesidade e a doença periodontal aumentam o risco à eventos cardiovasculares.
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References
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