Prevalence of TMD in Parkinson’s disease: an observational study

Nicole Anália Borges ROCHA; Eduvaldo Campos SOARES JÚNIOR; Luís Henrique Araújo RAPOSO; Paulo Cézar SIMAMOTO JÚNIOR

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.20260009

Artigo Original

Prevalence of TMD in Parkinson’s disease: an observational study

Prevalência de DTM na doença de Parkinson: um estudo observacional

Nicole Anália Borges ROCHA; Eduvaldo Campos SOARES JÚNIOR; Luís Henrique Araújo RAPOSO; Paulo Cézar SIMAMOTO JÚNIOR

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.20260009 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.55, e20260009, 2026

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Abstract

Introdução: A Doença de Parkinson (DP) apresenta características neurodegenerativas e progressivas, sendo tipicamente associada à perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos na região compacta da substância negra do mesencéfalo. Sintomas motores, como rigidez, bradicinesia e tremor de repouso, podem afetar a musculatura orofacial, resultando em sinais e sintomas semelhantes aos observados nas disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM). Consequentemente, comorbidades musculares, como a DTM, podem ser mascaradas, levando ao subdiagnóstico e até mesmo à ausência de tratamento.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de DTM em indivíduos com DP e investigar sua associação com os estágios da doença.

Material e método: A amostra foi composta por 31 pacientes, com idades entre 40 e 75 anos, diagnosticados com DP nos estágios 1, 2 e 3, de acordo com a escala de Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y). Os participantes foram recrutados no Ambulatório de Neurologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e avaliados por meio dos critérios diagnósticos para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DC/TMD) e do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Todos os participantes foram avaliados sob condição medicamentosa habitual.

Resultado: A amostra revelou discreto predomínio do sexo masculino entre os pacientes com DP. Embora não tenha sido encontrada associação estatisticamente significativa entre DP e DTM, observou-se maior frequência de casos de DTM no estágio 2 da doença, sendo as alterações articulares as mais prevalentes.

Conclusão: Pacientes com DP não apresentaram associação significativa entre os estágios da doença e a DTM; entretanto, a presença de DTM, especialmente de origem articular, reforça a importância da avaliação clínica para evitar o subdiagnóstico nessa população.

Keywords

Temporomandibular joint disorders; Parkinson disease; facial pain

Resumo

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) has neurodegenerative and progressive characteristics and is typically associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the compact region of the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremor can affect the orofacial muscles, resulting in signs and symptoms similar to those of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). As a result, muscular comorbidities like TMD may be masked, leading to underdiagnosis and even lack of treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of TMD in individuals with PD and to investigate association with disease stages.

Material and method: The sample consisted of 31 patients, aged between 40 and 75 years, with PD stages 1, 2, and 3, according to the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) scale. The individuals were recruited from the Neurology Clinic at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia and analyzed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). All participants were evaluated under their usual medicated condition.

Result: The sample revealed a slight male predominance among PD patients. Although no significant association was found between PD and TMD,a higher frequency of TMD cases was observed in patients at stage 2 of PD. Joint disorders were the most prevalent subtype.

Conclusion: Patients with PD did not show a significant association between disease stages and TMD; however, TMD, especially joint disorders, was observed, highlighting the importance of clinical evaluation to avoid underdiagnosis in this population.

Palavras-chave

Disfunções da articulação temporomandibular; doença de Parkinson; dor facial

Referências

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Submetido em:
10/03/2026

Aceito em:
14/04/2026

Prevalence of TMD in Parkinson’s disease: an observational study

Prevalência de DTM na doença de Parkinson: um estudo observacional

Nicole Anália Borges ROCHA; Eduvaldo Campos SOARES JÚNIOR; Luís Henrique Araújo RAPOSO; Paulo Cézar SIMAMOTO JÚNIOR

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