Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.20250036
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Oral health profile and dental care needs of medically compromised patients: a retrospective study in Brazil

Perfil de saúde bucal e necessidades de cuidados dentários de pacientes comprometidos sistemicamente: um estudo retrospectivo no Brasil

Luis Rafael Mangueira RIBEIRO; Waner Sanches Lopes AZEVEDO; Hiago Lopes de SOUZA; Emilly Maria Veloso de ALMEIDA; Michelle Pimenta OLIVEIRA; Marcos Vinícius Macedo de OLIVEIRA; Talita Antunes GUIMARÃES

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.20250036 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.54, e20250036, 2025
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Abstract

Introduction: Patients with special needs (PSN) are individuals affected by health conditions involving physical, mental, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and/or emotional development. In the dental context, PSN are considered a risk group, as they often present motor limitations, difficulties cooperating with oral hygiene procedures, aggressive reactions, and systemic interactions that can interfere with oral health.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of Medically Compromised Patients (MCP) treated at the Patients with Special Needs II clinic of the Faculty of Dental Sciences in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Material and method: An exploratory, quantitative, and descriptive study was conducted by analyzing 137 dental records of patients treated between January 2023 and January 2024; 97 records met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from electronic records and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel®.

Result: The majority of patients were female (77.32%), married (42.27%), and aged 50 years or older (60.82%). The most prevalent condition was hypertension (36.6%), followed by psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression (22.22%). These were associated with frequent use of antihypertensive medications (16.91%) and anxiolytics/antidepressants (15.94%). A total of 195 dental procedures were performed, mainly prosthetic (33%), restorative (24%), and oral environment stabilization procedures (23%).

Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for a dental care approach tailored to MCP, considering their systemic conditions and potential drug interactions to ensure safe and effective treatment. The study also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among dentists, physicians, and therapists to provide holistic care for this population.

Keywords

 Person with disabilities; oral health; dentistry

Resumo

Introdução: Os pacientes com necessidades especiais (PNE) são indivíduos afetados por problemas de saúde que envolvem o desenvolvimento físico, mental, sensorial, comportamental, cognitivo e/ou emocional. Em âmbito odontológico, os PNE são incluídos no grupo de risco, geralmente apresentando limitações motoras, problemas de cooperação na higienização oral e reações agressivas, além de interações sistêmicas que interferem na saúde bucal.

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de Pacientes Comprometidos Sistemicamente (PCS) atendidos na clínica Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais II da Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Material e método: Foi realizado um estudo exploratório, quantitativo e descritivo por meio da análise de 137 prontuários odontológicos de pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2023 e janeiro de 2024, os quais 97 prontuários atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram coletados de registros eletrônicos e analisados estatisticamente utilizando o software Microsoft Excel®.

Resultado: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (77,32%), casada (42,27%) e com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos (60,82%). A condição mais prevalente foi a hipertensão arterial (36,6%), seguida por distúrbios psicológicos, como ansiedade e depressão (22,22%). Estas estavam associadas ao uso frequente de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos (16,91%) e ansiolíticos/antidepressivos (15,94%). Foram realizados 195 procedimentos odontológicos, sendo os principais os protéticos (33%), restauradores (24%) e de adequação do meio bucal (23%).

Conclusão: Os achados ressaltam a necessidade de uma abordagem odontológica individualizada para pacientes comprometidos sistemicamente, considerando suas condições sistêmicas e possíveis interações medicamentosas, a fim de garantir um tratamento seguro e eficaz. O estudo também destaca a importância da colaboração interdisciplinar entre cirurgiões-dentistas, médicos e terapeutas para oferecer um cuidado integral a essa população.

Palavras-chave

Pessoa com deficiência; saúde bucal; odontologia

References

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Submitted date:
10/28/2025

Accepted date:
11/28/2025

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