Antimicrobial potential of Casearia sylvestris against oral bacteria
Potencial antimicrobiano da Casearia sylvestris frente a bactérias orais
Cavalheiro, Amanda Henriques; Godoi, Ana Paula Terossi; Carvalho, Tatiane Cruz de; Catirse, Alma Blasida; Furtado, Niege Araçari Jacometti Cardoso
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to obtain Casearia sylvestris leave extracts by different extractive methods, including the obtention of essential oil, in order to compare their antimicrobial activities to conventional mouthwash chlorhexidine against oral bacteria. Material and method: For this evaluation, extracts from the leaves were obtained by different methods of extraction (infusion, decoction, maceration and percolation) using different solvent systems: water 100%, ethanol 100%, methanol 100%, water: ethanol 3:7; water: ethanol 7:3; water: methanol 7:3 and water: methanol 3:7. The essential oil, which corresponds to a volatile fraction, was obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger modified apparatus. The microdilution broth method was used to determine the values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the following microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, S. mitis ATCC 49456, S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. salivarius ATCC 25975, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 11578 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC4082. Chlorhexidine gluconate was used as a positive control. Result: All extracts evaluated in the used protocol displayed MIC values higher than 400 µg/mL and few showed bactericidal activity. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was higher than the activity of the extracts, and the best minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were obtained against L. casei (MIC of 0.023 µg/mL and MBC of 0.046 µg/mL) and S. mutans (MIC of 25 µg/mL and MBC of 50 µg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: The essential oil of Casearia sylvestris has significant antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi obter extratos por diferentes métodos de extração de Casearia sylvestris, incluindo a obtenção de óleo essencial, a fim de comparar suas atividades antimicrobianas em relação aos enxaguatórios bucais convencionais com clorexidina contra bactérias orais. Material e método: Para esta avaliação, extratos das folhas foram obtidos por diferentes métodos de extração (infusão, decocção, maceração e percolação) utilizando diferentes sistemas de solventes: 100% de água, 100%, de etanol, metanol 100%, água: etanol 3: 7; água: etanol 7: 3; água: metanol 7: 3 e água: metanol 3: 7. O óleo essencial, que corresponde a uma fração volátil, foi obtido por hidrodestilação usando o aparelho de Clevenger modificado. O método de microdiluição em caldo foi usado para determinar os valores de concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) e a concentração bactericida mínima (MBC) para os seguintes microrganismos: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, ATCC 49456 S. mitis, S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. salivarius ATCC 25975, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 11578 e Enterococcus faecalis ATCC4082. Gluconato de clorexidina foi usada como um controle positivo. Resultado: Todos os extratos avaliados no protocolo utilizado apresentaram valores de MIC superior a 400 ug/mL e alguns mostraram atividade bactericida. A atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial foi maior do que a atividade dos extratos, e a melhor concentração inibitória mínima e valores de concentração bactericida mínima foram obtidos contra L. casei (MIC de 0,023 ug/mL e MBC de 0,046 ug/mL) e S. mutans (MIC de 25 ug/mL e MBC de 50 ug /mL), respectivamente.
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