Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.03821
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Influence of topical fluoride on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and enamel white spot lesions formation

Influência do flúor tópico na resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes ortodônticos e na formação de lesões de manchas brancas no esmalte

Marcelle Dantas MONTENARO; Heloísa Cristina VALDRIGHI; Max José Pimenta LIMA; Elisângela de Jesus CAMPOS; Milton SANTAMARIA-JR

Downloads: 0
Views: 376

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Fluoride is considered a key element in the remineralization process of tooth enamel.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of a topical solution of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and white spot lesions formation.

Material and method: Sixty bovine teeth were divided into three groups (n=20). Group 1 (Control): shear bond strength; Group 2: shear bond strength after pH cycling; Group 3: shear bond strength after pH cycling and treatment with 0.04% NaF solution. Groups 2 and 3 underwent pH cycling with demineralizing (6hs) and remineralizing (17hs) solutions at pH of 4.3 and 7.0 respectively for 15 days. The specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength and the Adhesive Remnant Index was verified (ARI). The specimens of each group (n=3) were qualitatively analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Kruskal-Wallis test assessed the shear bond strength and Fisher's exact test evaluated ARI, with significance level of 5%.

Result: There was no significant difference among the three groups in shear bond strength (p=0.2679). Significant difference was found in ARI (p=0.0199). The frequency of ARI 1 was 55% in group 1, 90% in group 2, and 80% in group 3. SEM showed difference between the enamel and bonding. Group 2 showed structural change of the enamel surface, adjacent to the bond area; and group 3 showed enamel with characteristics similar to those of group 1.

Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no NaF influence on the bracket shear bond strength and even in low concentrations it prevented the development of areas of demineralization of white spot lesions.

Keywords

Tooth demineralization, sodium fluoride, shear bond strength, dentistry, orthodontics

Resumo

Resumo: Introdução: O flúor é considerado um elemento chave no processo de remineralização do esmalte dentário.

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da solução tópica de fluoreto de sódio (NaF) na resistência ao cisalhamento da colagem de barquetes ortodônticos durante a formação de lesões de manchas brancas.

Material e método: Sessenta dentes bovinos foram divididos em três grupos (n=20). Grupo 1 (Controle) - Cisalhamento imediato; Grupo 2 - Cisalhamento após ciclagem de pH; Grupo 3 – Cisalhamento após ciclagem de pH e tratamento com solução de 0,4% de NaF (Ortho Gard, Colgate-Palmolive®). Os Grupos 2 e 3 sofreram ciclagem de pH com soluções de desmineralização e remineralização em pH de 4,3 e 7,0 respectivamente, com ciclos de desmineralização (6 horas) e remineralização (17 horas), durante 15 dias. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de resistência de união ao cisalhamento e remanescente adesivo (IRA). Espécimes de cada grupo (n=3) foram analisados qualitativamente por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado para avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento e o teste exato de Fisher para avaliação do IRA, adotando nível de significância de 5%.

Resultado: Os resultados não encontraram diferença significativa entre os três grupos quanto à força de cisalhamento (p=0,2679). Diferença significativa foi encontrada no IRA (p = 0,0199). A frequência de IRA 1 foi de 55% no grupo 1, 90% no grupo 2 e 80% no grupo 3. A análise em MEV mostrou diferença entre o esmalte e a área de colagem submetida ao cisalhamento. Grupo 2 apresentou alteração estrutural na superfície do esmalte adjacente à área de colagem, e o Grupo 3 apresentou esmalte com característica semelhante ao do Grupo 1 na área que foi submetida à ciclagem de pH e NaF.

Conclusão: Concluiu-se que não houve influência do flúor na resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes. O uso de soluções fluoretadas, ainda que em baixa concentração, preveniu o aparecimento de áreas desmineralizadas e lesões de manchas brancas.
 

Palavras-chave

Desmineralização dental, fluoreto de sódio, resistência ao cisalhamento, odontologia, ortodontia

References

1 Elkassas D, Arafa A. Remineralizing efficacy of different calcium-phosphate and fluoride based delivery vehicles on artificial caries like enamel lesions. J Dent. 2014 Apr;42(4):466-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.017. PMid:24412586.

2 Akin M, Basciftci FA. Can white spot lesions be treated effectively? Angle Orthod. 2012 Sep;82(5):770-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/090711.578.1. PMid:22356705.

3 Caldeira EM, Fidalgo TKS, Passalini P, Marquezan M, Maia LC, Nojima MCG. Effect of fluoride on tooth erosion around orthodontic brackets. Braz Dent J. 2012 Oct;23(5):581-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402012000500019. PMid:23306238.

4 Cury JA, Oliveira BH, Santos AP, Tenuta LM. Are fluoride releasing dental materials clinically effective on caries control? Dent Mater. 2016 Mar;32(3):323-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.002. PMid:26777115.

5 Khoroushi M, Kachuie M. Prevention and treatment of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. Contemp Clin Dent. 2017 Jan-Mar;8(1):11-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_216_17. PMid:28566845.

6 Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W. Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 May;139(5):657-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.037. PMid:21536209.

7 Paula AB, Fernandes AR, Coelho AS, Marto CM, Ferreira MM, Caramelo F, et al. Therapies for white spot lesions-a systematic review. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2017 Mar;17(1):23-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2016.10.003. PMid:28259311.

8 Nassur C, Pomarico L, Maia LC. Reliability analysis of two methods for measuring active enamel demineralization: an in vitro study. Eur J Dent. 2013 Apr;7(2):159-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.110157. PMid:24883020.

9 Zampetti P, Scribante A. Historical and bibliometric notes on the use of fluoride in caries prevention. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2020 Jun;21(2):148-52. PMid:32567947.

10 Srivastava K, Tikku T, Khanna R, Sachan K. Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Orthod Sci. 2013 Apr;2(2):43-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-0203.115081. PMid:24987641.

11 Cury JA, Ricomini-Filho AP, Berti FLP, Tabchoury CPM. Systemic effects (risks) of water fluoridation. Braz Dent J. 2019 Sep-Oct;30(5):421-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201903124. PMid:31596325.

12 Toda S, Featherstone JD. Effects of fluoride dentifrices on enamel lesion formation. J Dent Res. 2008;87(3):224-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700303. PMid:18296604.

13 Ioannidis A, Papageorgiou SN, Sifakakis I, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Eliades T. Orthodontic bonding and debonding induces structural changes but does not alter the mechanical properties of enamel. Prog Orthod. 2018 May;19(1):12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40510-018-0211-7. PMid:29732491.

14 Torres VS, Lima MJP, Valdrighi HC, Campos EJ, Santamaria-Jr M. Whitening dentifrices effect on enamel with orthodontic braces after simulated brushing. Eur J Dent. 2020 Feb;14(1):13-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3403474. PMid:31955402.

15 Fidalgo TK, Pithon MM, Santos RL, Alencar NA, Abrahão AC, Maia LC. Influence of topical fluoride application on mechanical properties of orthodontic bonding materials under pH cycling. Angle Orthod. 2012 Nov;82(6):1071-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101711-644.1. PMid:22439766.

16 International Organization for Standardization – ISO. ISO/TS 11405:2015: Dentistry – testing of adhesion to tooth structure. Geneva: ISO; 2015 [cited 2021 July 28]. Available from: https://www.iso.org/standard/62898.html.

17 Montasser MA, El-Wassefy NA, Taha M. In vitro study of the potential protection of sound enamel against demineralization. Prog Orthod. 2015;16(1):12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40510-015-0080-2. PMid:26061985.

18 Årtun J, Bergland S. Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. Am J Orthod. 1984 Apr;85(4):333-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90190-8. PMid:6231863.

19 Daud A, Gray G, Lynch CD, Wilson NHF, Blum IR. A randomised controlled study on the use of finishing and polishing systems on different resin composites using 3D contact optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. J Dent. 2018 Apr;71:25-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.008. PMid:29360492.

20 Tasios T, Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulos MA, Tsapas A, Haidich AB. Prevention of orthodontic enamel demineralization: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2019 Nov;22(4):225-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12322. PMid:31081584.

21 Leódido GR, Fernandes HO, Tonetto MR, Presoto CD, Bandéca MC, Firoozmand LM. Effect of fluoride solutions on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(6):698-702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402012000600012. PMid:23338263.

22 Barros ÉL, Pinto SC, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Ellwood RP, Pretty I, et al. Toothpaste prevents debonded brackets on erosive enamel. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015;2015:468582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/468582. PMid:25879058.

23 Scribante A, Contreras-Bulnes R, Montasser MA, Vallittu PK. Orthodontics: bracket materials, adhesives systems, and their bond strength. BioMed Res Int. 2016;2016:1329814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1329814. PMid:27818996.

24 Abou Neel EA, Aljabo A, Strange A, Ibrahim S, Coathup M, Young AM, et al. Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016 Sep;11:4743-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S107624. PMid:27695330.

25 Filho MV, Martins SH, Valdrighi HC, Vedovello AS, Kuramae M, Lucato AS, et al. Evaluation of bond orthodontics brackets using different adhesive systems after a cariogenic challenge. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2010 Jan;11(1):E041-8. PMid:20098965.

26 Sivapriya E, Sridevi K, Periasamy R, Lakshminarayanan L, Pradeepkumar AR. Remineralization ability of sodium fluoride on the microhardness of enamel, dentin, and dentinoenamel junction: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2017 Mar-Apr;20(2):100-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_353_16. PMid:28855756.

27 Rao R, Jain A, Verma M, Langade D, Patil A. Comparative evaluation of remineralizing potential of Fluoride using three different remineralizing protocols: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2017 Nov-Dec;20(6):463-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_203_17. PMid:29430102.

28 Santos JB, Pereira LC, Neves JG, Pithon MM, Santamaria-Jr M. Can text messages encourage flossing among orthodontic patients? Angle Orthod. 2021 Sep;91(5):650-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012121-61.1. PMid:33946101.

29 Lopatiene K, Borisovaite M, Lapenaite E. Prevention and treatment of white spot lesions during and after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: a systematic literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2016 Jun;7(2):e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5037/jomr.2016.7201. PMid:27489605.
 

61d5a2bfa953950aa201e2e7 rou Articles
Links & Downloads

Rev. odontol. UNESP

Share this page
Page Sections