Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.03124
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Prevalence of clinical signs and diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders in adults with intellectual disability

Prevalência de sinais clínicos e diagnóstico de disfunções temporomandibulares em adultos com deficiência intelectual

Yasmine Mendes PUPO; Giselle Emilãine da Silva REIS; Jullyana Mayara Preizner DEZANETTI; Marina FANDERUFF; Thábata Louise SCHOSSLER; Ricardo Rasmussen PETTERLE; Amanda Kerin Alves CAVALHEIRO; Daniel BONOTTO; Cassius Carvalho TORRES-PEREIRA; Priscila Brenner HILGENBERG-SYDNEY

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.03124 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.53, e20240031, 2024
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Abstract

 Introduction: Temporomandibular Pain among individuals with intellectual disabilities has been explored in only a few studies. Nevertheless, it is noted that pain in this population often remains undetected and inadequately treated.

Objective: To evaluate and compare, signs and diagnosis of temporomandibular disfunction (TMD) in adults with and without intellectual disability (ID).

Material and method: A cross-sectional study with comparison group was conducted. Data regarding gender and age of ID group were collected from medical records available in the institutions of special education. These data from the comparison group were collected in the dental clinics of the Federal University of Parana (UFPR). We using the RDC/TMD I axis, with the help of the UPAT. The clinical examination evaluated muscle and joint pain, mouth opening pattern, extension of mandibular movement and joint noise. The Chi-squared test, Fisher's test, and Bonferroni's post-test were used with significance level of 5%.

Result: Two homogeneous groups by gender (P = 0.08) and age (P = 0.419) were evaluated, of which 97 adults with intellectual disability and another 96 did not have intellectual disability. No significant difference was observed between groups on TMD signs (p>0.05). The comparison group had significantly more disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) (P=0.011). When we compare the differences with respect to gender. Overall, women in the comparison group had higher prevalence for TMD diagnoses (p<0.05), but these differences were not found in the ID group (p>0.05). Regarding age, only the comparison group showed statistical significance, with the diagnosis of myofascial pain with limited opening being more diagnosed in young individuals (p=0.009).

Conclusion: Adults with ID have similar prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms to adults without ID. Gender differences are not significant in the ID group.

Keywords

Intellectual disability; orofacial pain; temporomandibular joint disorders

Resumo

Introdução: A dor temporomandibular em indivíduos com deficiência intelectual foi explorada em apenas alguns estudos. No entanto, observa-se que a dor nessa população frequentemente permanece não detectada e inadequadamente tratada.

Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar os sinais e o diagnóstico de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em adultos com e sem deficiência intelectual (DI).

Material e método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com grupo de comparação. Dados referentes ao gênero e à idade do grupo com DI foram coletados a partir de prontuários médicos disponíveis nas instituições de educação especial. Esses dados do grupo de comparação foram coletados nas clínicas odontológicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Utilizamos o eixo I do RDC/TMD, com o auxílio da UPAT. O exame clínico avaliou dor muscular e articular, padrão de abertura bucal, extensão dos movimentos mandibulares e ruídos articulares. O teste do Qui-quadrado, o teste de Fisher e o pós-teste de Bonferroni foram utilizados com nível de significância de 5%.

Resultado: Foram avaliados dois grupos homogêneos em relação ao gênero (P = 0,08) e idade (P = 0,419), dos quais 97 adultos tinham deficiência intelectual e outros 96 não tinham deficiência intelectual. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação aos sinais de DTM (p>0,05). O grupo de comparação apresentou significativamente mais deslocamento de disco com redução (DDCR) (P=0,011). Quando comparamos as diferenças em relação ao gênero, as mulheres do grupo de comparação tiveram maior prevalência de diagnósticos de DTM (p<0,05), mas essas diferenças não foram encontradas no grupo com DI (p>0,05). Em relação à idade, apenas o grupo de comparação mostrou significância estatística, com o diagnóstico de dor miofascial com abertura limitada sendo mais diagnosticado em indivíduos jovens (p=0,009).

Conclusão: Adultos com DI têm prevalência semelhante de sinais e sintomas de DTM em comparação com adultos sem DI. As diferenças de gênero não são significativas no grupo com DI.

Palavras-chave

Deficiência intelectual; dor orofacial; disfunção temporomandibular

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Submitted date:
10/18/2024

Accepted date:
10/30/2024

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