Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.03123
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Review Article

Endocannabinoid system and periodontitis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Sistema endocanabinoide e periodontite: mecanismos e implicações terapêuticas

Lélio Fernando Ferreira SOARES; Luan Viana FARIA; Joni Augusto CIRELLI

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Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is a major public health problem. Although the principle of periodontitis therapy is mainly focused on removing dental biofilm and associated factors, its physiopathology enrolls different molecular and inflammatory events related to the host immune system, as the participation of the endocannabinoid system.

Objective: This review aimed to explore and elucidate the mechanisms and roles of the endocannabinoid system on periodontitis physiopathology and its possibilities for future related therapies.

Material and method: An electronic search was carried out on the PubMed platform for studies involving the action of the endocannabinoid system on periodontitis.

Result: Nineteen clinical and preclinical studies were included in this narrative review.

Conclusion: Cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 are integral components of the endocannabinoid system, manifesting in various forms in the periodontal tissues. The actions and mechanisms through which cannabinoid receptors are activated in healthy or inflamed sites remain the focus of ongoing investigations. Moreover, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids show therapeutic potential, with pre-clinical studies indicating benefits in reducing inflammation and facilitating tissue repair.

Keywords

Cannabinoids, CB1 receptor, CB2 receptor, inflammation, periodontitis

Resumo

Introdução: A periodontite é um importante problema de saúde pública. Embora o princípio da terapia da periodontite esteja focado principalmente na remoção do biofilme dental e dos fatores associados, sua fisiopatologia registra diferentes eventos moleculares e inflamatórios relacionados ao sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, como a participação do sistema endocanabinoide.

Objetivo: Esta revisão teve como objetivo explorar e elucidar os mecanismos e papéis do sistema endocanabinoide na fisiopatologia da periodontite e suas possibilidades para futuras terapias relacionadas.

Material e método: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica na plataforma PubMed por estudos envolvendo a ação do sistema endocanabinoide sobre a periodontite.

Resultado: Dezenove estudos clínicos e pré-clínicos foram incluídos nesta revisão narrativa.

Conclusão: Os receptores canabinoides tipo 1 e 2 são componentes integrais do sistema endocanabinoide e manifestam-se de várias formas nos tecidos periodontais. As ações e mecanismos através dos quais os receptores canabinoides são ativados em locais saudáveis ou inflamados continuam a ser o foco de investigações em curso. Além disso, os fitocanabinoides e canabinoides sintéticos apresentam potencial como tratamentos, com estudos pré-clínicos indicando benefícios na redução da inflamação e na facilitação da reparação dos tecidos.

Palavras-chave

Canabinoides, receptor CB1 de canabinoide, receptor CB2 de canabinoide, inflamação, periodontite

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Submitted date:
10/31/2023

Accepted date:
10/31/2023

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