Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.02624
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Non-radioactive strontium as a supplement to enhance osseointegration

Estrôncio não radioativo como suplemento para melhorar a osseointegração

Cassio Rocha SCARDUELI; Rubens SPIN-NETO; Guilherme José Lopes Pimentel OLIVEIRA; Andreas STAVROPOULOS; Rosemary Adriana Chierici MARCANTONIO; Elcio MARCANTONIO JR

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.02624 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.53, e20240026, 2024
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Abstract

Introduction: Due to its positive results on bone tissue, strontium also began to be used as an adjuvant in bone neoformation processes, mainly maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Objective: To assess if the non-radioactive strontium (Sr) supplementation enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants in rats.

Material and method: Seventy male rats (Rattus Norvegicus) were randomly divided into 5 groups, according to the systemic supplementation: Control - saline solution; SRAN50 - strontium ranelate (SRAN) 50mg/kg/day; SRAN625 - SRAN 625mg/kg/day; SCAR/SCHL30 - strontium carbonate and strontium chloride (SCAR/SCHL) 30mg/kg/day; SCAR/SCHL365 - SCAR/SCHL 365mg/kg/day. The drugs were administered via gavage, once a day, starting 15 days before surgery (1 titanium implant in each tibia), and persisted for 15 or 60 days. The right tibiae were used for biomechanical (removal torque) and immunohistochemical (Osteocalcin – OCN, and bone morphogenetic protein - BMP-2) evaluation. The left were used for microtomographic, and histomorphometric evaluation.

Result: Increased removal torque for SRAN625 and SCAR/SCHL365 were observed when compared with the Control, in 15 days. However, no differences were found in the 60-days period among the groups. Microtomographic evaluation showed larger bone volume at 60 days, compared to 15 days, for all groups but SCAR/SCHL30. When all groups were compared, no differences were seen in the 15-days period, while in the 60-days SRAN625 and SCAR/SCHL365 were statistically higher than the Control. In the immunohistochemical analysis, higher doses (SRAN625 and SCAR/SCHL365) led to an increase of BMP-2 in 15 days. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences among the groups regarding bone-to-implant-contact and bone area around the implant threads.

Conclusion: This study suggests that higher concentrations of systemic Sr lead to variably improved osseointegration-related parameters regarding the biomechanical and microtomographic evaluation.

Keywords

Strontium; systemic use; osseointegration; bone remodeling; implants

Resumo

Introdução: Devido a seus resultados positivos sobre o tecido ósseo o estrôncio passou a ser utilizado também como coadjuvante de processos de neoformação óssea, principalmente procedimentos cirúrgicos maxilo-faciais.

Objetivo: Avaliar se a suplementação de estrôncio (Sr) não radioativo melhora a osseointegração de implantes de titânio em ratos.

Material e método: Setenta ratos machos (Rattus Norvegicus) foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos, de acordo com a suplementação sistêmica: Controle - solução salina; SRAN50 - ranelato de estrôncio (SRAN) 50mg/kg/dia; SRAN625 - SRAN 625mg/kg/dia; SCAR/SCHL30 - carbonato de estrôncio e cloreto de estrôncio (SCAR/SCHL) 30mg/kg/dia; SCAR/SCHL365 - SCAR/SCHL 365mg/kg/dia. Os medicamentos foram administrados por gavagem, uma vez ao dia, iniciando 15 dias antes da cirurgia (1 implante de titânio em cada tíbia), e persistiram por 15 ou 60 dias. As tíbias direitas foram utilizadas para avaliação biomecânica (torque de remoção) e imuno-histoquímica (Osteocalcina – OCN e proteína morfogenética óssea - BMP-2). As esquerdas foram utilizadas para avaliação microtomográfica e histomorfométrica.

Resultado: Aumento do torque de remoção para SRAN625 e SCAR/SCHL365 foi observado quando comparado ao Controle, em 15 dias. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças no período de 60 dias entre os grupos. A avaliação microtomográfica mostrou maior volume ósseo em 60 dias, comparado a 15 dias, para todos os grupos, exceto SCAR/SCHL30. Quando todos os grupos foram comparados, não foram observadas diferenças no período de 15 dias, enquanto no período de 60 dias SRAN625 e SCAR/SCHL365 foram estatisticamente maiores que o Controle. Na análise imuno-histoquímica, doses maiores (SRAN625 e SCAR/SCHL365) levaram a um aumento de BMP-2 em 15 dias. A análise histomorfométrica não revelou diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao contato osso-implante e área óssea ao redor das roscas do implante.

Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que concentrações mais altas de Sr sistêmico levam a parâmetros relacionados à osseointegração melhorados de forma variável quanto à avaliação biomecânica e microtomográfica.

Palavras-chave

Estrôncio; uso sistêmico; osseointegração; remodelação óssea; implantes

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Submitted date:
10/04/2024

Accepted date:
10/24/2024

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