Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.01324
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Tomographic prevalence of juxta-apical radiolucency and adjacent structures: a cross-sectional study

Prevalência tomográfica da radiolucência justapical e estruturas adjacentes: um estudo transversal

Natália Mariane RIGO; Gilson Cesar Nobre FRANCO; Caique Mariano PEDROSO; Thais ALBACH; Adrielli Guimarães FERREIRA; Marcela CLAUDINO; Marcelo Carlos BORTOLUZZI; Amanda Regina FISCHBORN

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.01324 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.53, e20240013, 2024
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Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate juxta-apical radiolucency (JAR) prevalence and its relationship with adjacent structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material and method: CBCT scans were analyzed from a database from 2017 to 2021 of adult patients with mandibular third molars to visualize the presence of JAR. Third molars associated with JAR were classified according to impaction depth, angulation, and root development. JAR was also classified according to its relationship with the mandibular canal and its cortical area, size, and location. The chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney Test were performed to compare the age of patients and gender regarding the presence or absence of JAR.

Result: 1097 CBCT scans were collected from the database during the evaluation period, and after the application of the eligibility criteria, 155 scans were included in the analysis. Thirty-one third molars showed the presence of JAR with a 20% prevalence. Most cases were observed to be unilateral (84%), located mesially (53%), and medium-sized (53%), in contact with the mandibular canal with cortical presence (50%), visualized in third molars mostly mesioangular (36%), partially intraosseous (86%), and with complete root development (92%). No significant differences were detected between gender and age concerning the presence of JAR.

Conclusion: High JAR prevalence was observed, which was frequently in contact with the mandibular canal, being considered a potential risk for nerve damage.

Keywords

Cone-beam computed tomography; third molar; mandibular nerve; periapical tissue; mandibular nerve injuries; tooth extraction

Resumo

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da radiolucência justa-apical (RJA) e sua relação com estruturas adjacentes por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC).

Material e método: Exames de TCFC foram analisados a partir de um banco de dados de 2017 a 2021 de pacientes adultos com terceiros molares inferiores para avaliação da presença de RJA. Os terceiros molares associados a RJA foram classificados de acordo com a profundidade de impactação, angulação e desenvolvimento radicular. A RJA também foi classificada de acordo com sua relação com o canal mandibular e sua área cortical, tamanho e localização.

Resultado: 1.097 exames de TCFC foram coletados do banco de dados durante o período de avaliação e, após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 155 exames foram incluídos na análise. Trinta e um terceiros molares apresentaram presença de RJA com prevalência de 20%. Observou-se que a maioria dos casos eram unilaterais (84%), localizados mesialmente (53%), e de tamanho médio (53%), em contato com o canal mandibular com presença cortical (50%), visualizados em terceiros molares principalmente mesioangulares (36%), parcialmente intraósseo (86%) e com desenvolvimento radicular completo (92%). Não foram detectadas diferenças entre sexo e idade quanto à presença de RJA.

Conclusão: Os dados obtidos revelaram alta prevalência de RJA, frequentemente em contato com o canal mandibular, sendo considerado um risco potencial para lesão do nervo alveolar inferior.

Palavras-chave

Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico; terceiro molar; nervo mandibular; tecido periapical; lesões do nervo mandibular; extração dentária.

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Submitted date:
06/11/2024

Accepted date:
08/13/2024

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