Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.01119
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Distribuição das características clínicas do fenótipo gengival em pacientes saudáveis

Distribution of clinical characteristics of gingival phenotype in healthy patients

Samuel Batista BORGES; Lidya Nara Marques de ARAÚJO; Bruno César de Vasconcelos GURGEL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.01119 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.48, e20190011, 2019
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Resumo

Resumo: Introdução: A determinação do fenótipo gengival possibilita compreender melhor as variações e diferenças clínicas intra e interindividuais dos tecidos periodontais saudáveis.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os perfis do fenótipo gengival e compará-los em diferentes regiões da cavidade oral, levando em consideração parâmetros clínicos relacionados aos tecidos moles circunjacentes nos dentes anteriores superiores e inferiores.

Material e método: Noventa e um pacientes com saúde ​​periodontal foram examinados e os parâmetros clínicos profundidade de sondagem (PS), largura de mucosa ceratinizada (MC), espessura gengival em ambos incisivos centrais superiores (EG) e fenótipo gengival (FG) foram coletados nos dentes anteriores superiores e inferiores. Os dados foram analisados ​​estatisticamente pelos testes t-Student pareado e independente, Correlação de Pearson e Qui-quadrado, com um nível de significância de 5%.

Resultado: O fenótipo gengival espesso predominou nos dentes anteriores superiores (60,5%), enquanto o fenótipo fino foi mais prevalente nos dentes anteriores inferiores (84,6%). Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas para os parâmetros largura de mucosa ceratinizada e espessura gengival em relação aos fenótipos gengivais superiores e inferiores (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre profundidade de sondagem e o fenótipo gengival nos dentes superiores e inferiores.

Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o fenótipo gengival espesso é mais frequente nos dentes anteriores superiores e que o fenótipo fino é mais comum nos dentes anteriores inferiores, sendo mais frequente em indivíduos do sexo masculino. Os parâmetros largura de mucosa ceratinizada e espessura gengival mostraram-se adequados à determinação do fenótipo gengival.

Palavras-chave

Periodontia, gengiva, fenótipo, diagnóstico

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Gingival phenotype determination enables a better understanding of intra and interindividual clinical variations in healthy periodontal tissues.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine gingival phenotype profiles and compare these in different regions of the oral cavity, considering clinical parameters related to the surrounding soft tissue in the upper and lower front teeth.

Material and method: Ninety-one periodontally-healthy patients were examined and clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KW), gingival thickness at both maxillary central incisors (GT) and gingival phenotype (GP) were determined for the upper and lower front teeth. Data were statistically analyzed by paired and independent t-Student tests, Pearson Correlation and the Chi-square test, using a significance level of 5%.

Result: The thick gingival phenotype predominated in the upper anterior teeth (60.5%), while the thin phenotype was more prevalent in the lower anterior teeth (84.6%). Statistically significant differences were found for keratinized tissue and gingival thickness parameters, in relation to the upper and lower gingival phenotypes (p<0.05). There were no statistical significances for probing depth and gingival phenotype in the upper and lower teeth.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the thick phenotype is more frequent in the upper anterior teeth and that the thin phenotype is more common in the lower anterior teeth, and more frequent in males. The keratinized tissue and gingival thickness parameters proved to be suitable for the determination of gingival phenotype.
 

Keywords

Periodontics, gingiva, phenotype, diagnosis

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