Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
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Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Artigo de Revisão

Genetic polymorphism associated with periodontal disease in Brazilians: systematic review

Polimorfismo genético associado à doença periodontal na população brasileira: revisão de literatura

Hoçoya, Luciana Satie; Jardini, Maria Aparecida Neves

Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.39, n5, p.305-310, 2010
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Abstract

Genetic factor has been the focus of research as a modifier in the development of periodontal disease.  Because of the ethnic influence in the genetic load, the studies can not be the same in all populations. In Brazil, studies are being developed in order to try to involve the genetic markers with periodontal disease. The purpose of this review was to assess which genetic polymorphisms are associated to periodontal disease, chronic and aggressive forms, in Brazilian population. Bank data consulted was Pubmed and articles were selected between the years 2003 and 2010. Among the studies, the association between the genetic polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis were found in: IL-1β (+3954), IL-1A (-889), IL-6 (-174), IL-10 in lócus -819 e -592, MMP -1 promoter, MMP-3 (-1612) and VRD (Taql/Bsml). In studies with IL-4 (-590, íntron 2), MMP-1 (-1607, -519), IL-8 (rs 4073), IL-10 (-1087) and TNFA (-308) no relationship with chronic periodontitis were found. For the aggressive form of periodontal disease studies have shown associations for Fcγ RIIa e Fcγ RIIIb receptors and gene 5-HTT. For the aggressive form of the disease the association were not present in polymorphisms of IL-1β (+3954), IL-1A (-889) and TNFA (-308). Based on those results, it is concluded that more studies should be conducted. These markers can conduct us to plan a better treatment.

Keywords

Periodontal diseases, genetic polymorphism, population

Resumo

O fator genético tem sido foco de pesquisas como modificador do desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. Pelo fato da etnia influenciar a carga genética, os estudos não podem ser extrapolados para todas as populações. No Brasil, estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos a fim de tentar associar os marcadores genéticos com a doença periodontal. O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma revisão da literatura para investigar os polimorfismos genéticos associados à doença periodontal na população brasileira. A base de dados consultada foi Pubmed e foram selecionados artigos do período de 2003 a 2010. Os trabalhos que avaliaram a periodontite crônica encontraram associações para os seguintes polimorfismos genéticos: IL-1 β (+3954), IL-1A (-889), IL-6 (-174), IL-10 nos lócus -819 e -592, região promotora de  matriz metaloproteinase-1, MMP-3 (-1612) e VRD (Taql/Bsml). Nos estudos com IL-4 (-590 e intron 2), MMP -1 (-1607 e -519), IL-8 (rs 4073), IL-10 (-1087) e TNFA (-308) as associações relacionadas à doença periodontal crônica não ocorreram. Em relação à doença periodontal agressiva, foram encontrados resultados positivos para as associações nos polimorfismos dos receptores de imunoglobina Fcγ RIIa e Fcγ RIIIb e gene 5-HTT. Não foram encontradas associações com polimorfismos IL-1β (+3954), IL-1A (-889) e TNFA (-308). Mais estudos devem ser realizados na população brasileira para que sejam determinados os marcadores genéticos que influenciam o curso da doença periodontal. Estes marcadores poderão atuar como indicadores de prognóstico e auxiliar no planejamento e numa melhor conduta de tratamento.

Palavras-chave

Doenças periodontais, polimorfismo genético, população

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