Emprego de saliva na determinação do risco às doenças periodontais: aspectos microbiológicos e clínicos
Use of saliva in the evaluation of risk for periodontal diseases: clinical and microbiological aspects
Shimada, M.H.; Angelis, L.; Ciesielsky, F.I.N.; Gaetti-Jardim, E.C.; Gaetti-Jardim Júnior, E.
Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.37, n2, p.183-189, 2008
Resumo
O diagnóstico microbiológico das condições periodontais constitui método para o acompanhamento da eficácia do tratamento, bem como para a caracterização da microbiota do paciente. O presente estudo avaliou a possibilidade de se empregar a saliva para análise da microbiota de indivíduos com diferentes condições periodontais. A amostra foi constituída de 53 pacientes com gengivite, 52 com periodontite e 70 eram saudáveis. Os espécimes clínicos de saliva e do biofilme subgengival foram obtidos, sendo que a ocorrência de 14 patógenos foi avaliada através de PCR. A prevalência dos microrganismos testados e a confiabilidade dos resultados foram avaliadas pelas estatísticas de Cochran e Mantel-Haenszel. Verificou-se uma concordância de 79% a 86% entre as amostras de saliva e de biofilme subgengival para a ocorrência de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens e Fusobacterium nucleatum. Valores ainda significativos foram observados para Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia e Enterococcus faecalis. Os resultados sugerem que a saliva pode ser utilizada para a caracterização da microbiota subgengival.
Palavras-chave
Doença periodontal, prevenção, anaeróbios, saliva, biofilme
Abstract
The microbiological diagnostic of periodontal pathologies represents relevant method of treatment follow up and characterization of patients’ microbiota. This study evaluated the usefulness of saliva in the analysis of microbiota of subjects presenting different periodontal conditions. The sample was constituted by 53 gingivitis patients, 52 periodontitis patients, and 70 healthy subjects. Clinical samples of subgingival biofilm and saliva were obtained and the occurrence of 14 periodontal pathogens was determined by PCR. The prevalence of the target microorganisms and the reliability of the results were submitted to Cochran e Mantel-Haenszel statistical analyses. It was verified a concordance from 79% to 86% between saliva and biofilm samples for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Significant values were also observed for Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Enterococcus faecalis. These results suggested that saliva may be useful in the evaluation of subgingival microbiota, which may reduce the necessity of complex and sophisticated methods to collect and transport clinical samples for microbiological analysis.
Keywords
Periodontal diseases, prevention, saliva, anaerobic bacteria, saliva, biofilm
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