Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
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Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Artigo de Revisão

Biomateriais à base de quitosana com aplicação médica e odontológica: revisão de literatura

Chitosan based biomaterials with medical and dental application: literature review

Spin Neto, R.; Pavone, C.; Freitas, R.M.; Marcantonio, R.A.C.; Marcantonio Jr., E.

Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.37, n2, p.155-161, 2008
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Resumo

A quitosana é um biopolímero hidrofílico obtido a partir da quitina, material existente principalmente nas carapaças de crustáceos, e que representa o segundo polissacarídeo mais abundante na natureza. É originada a partir da reação de desacetilação parcial de quitina, geralmente por tratamento alcalino. Características biológicas como biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade fizeram com que fossem encontradas diversas aplicações para este biomaterial na área da saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os processos de obtenção e as aplicações dadas aos biomateriais obtidos a partir da quitosana. Estudos sobre fatores como métodos de esterilização e genotoxicidade desses biomateriais ainda são raros e fundamentais para que, aliados àqueles sobre a aplicabilidade das diferentes formulações possíveis a partir da quitosana, permitam que possamos conferir, na prática clínica cotidiana, o papel que se espera deste biomaterial de vanguarda.

Palavras-chave

Quitosana, quitina, uso terapêutico

Abstract

Chitosan is a hydrophilic biopolymer obtained from chitin, material that is present mainly in crustacean shells, and represents the second more abundant polysaccharide in nature. Originated from partial chitin deacetylation, usually by alkaline treatment, biologic characteristics such as biocompatibility and biodegradability made that several application for this biomaterial could be found, mostly in health sciences area. The objective of this paper was to make a literature review about the attainment protocols and clinical application of chitosan biomaterials. Studies about the sterilization methods and these biomaterial´s genotoxicity are rare and elemental to allow that these new biomaterials could perform the entire expected in daily clinic.

Keywords

Chitosan, chitin, therapeutic use

Referências

 


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