Alerta à resistência antibiótica em periodontia
Antibiotic resistance alert in periodontology
Sekiguchi, R.T.; Fukuda, C.T.; Damante, C.A.; Micheli, G.; Lotufo, R.F.M.
Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.36, n4, p.299-304, 2007
Resumo
A maioria das infecções periodontais deve ser tratada por procedimentos mecânicos e/ou cirúrgicos, porém a prescrição de antibióticos ainda é feita de forma exagerada e inadequada. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, seja para tratamento de infecção instalada ou para profilaxia, pode resultar na resistência bacteriana a estas drogas. As bactérias periodontais mostram suscetibilidades diferentes aos antibióticos mais prescritos em Periodontia, tais como tetraciclina, amoxicilina e metronidazol. Nos últimos 15 anos, tem sido observado aumento de resistência a estes antibióticos devido ao uso indiscriminado pelos profissionais e também pelos pacientes. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivos discutir os mecanismos de resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos, bem como os fatores que causam seu aumento, apresentar estudos sobre resistência microbiana no Brasil e em outros paÃses e alertar os periodontistas sobre essa ocorrência, enfatizando o uso correto dos antibióticos no tratamento da doença periodontal a fim de aumentar a taxa de sucesso do tratamento de seus pacientes.
Palavras-chave
Resistência a antibióticos, resistência bacteriana a drogas, agentes antibacterianos, periodontite.
Abstract
The majority of the periodontal infections have to be treated by mechanical and/or surgical means. Nevertheless, antibiotic prescription is still done in an inadequate and exaggerate way. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for the treatment of installed infections or for prophylaxis can result in bacterial resistance to these drugs. Periodontal bacteria show different susceptibilities to the most prescribed antibiotics in periodontology (tetracycline, amoxicillin, metronidazole). In the past 15 years, the increase of the resistance to these antibiotics has been observed due to the careless use by professionals and patients. Therefore, this paper has as aims: to discuss the bacterial resistance mechanism to antibiotics as well as the factors that cause its increase; to describe studies on microbial resistance in Brazil and abroad; and to advise periodontists on this occurrence, emphasizing the rationale use of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease in order to increase the success rate on patients’ treatment.
Keywords
Antibiotic resistance, bacterial drug resistance, anti-bacterial agents, periodontitis
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