Influência de fatores genéticos na etiopatogênese da doença periodontal
Influences of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease
Kim, Y.J.; Viana, A.C.; Scarel-Caminaga, R.M.
Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.36, n2, p.175-180, 2007
Resumo
a doença periodontal (DP) tem caráter multifatorial pois a infecção por microrganismos periodontopatogênicos que leva à inflamação e à destruição do periodonto é modulada pela resposta imune do hospedeiro, a qual é influenciada por hábitos como o fumo. Fatores relacionados ao hospedeiro no contexto da DP têm sido bastante estudados nos últimos anos, principalmente no que se refere à imunogenética, fato que motivou esta revisão da literatura, que teve como objetivo comentar a influência que fatores genéticos podem desempenhar na etiopatogênese da DP, dando ênfase aos polimorfismos genéticos. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados Bireme e PubMed utilizando-se os termos "Periodontite, Genética e Polimorfismos". Estudos sobre genética humana foram selecionados de forma a apresentar relação positiva ou negativa de fatores genéticos importantes, como polimorfismos, na DP. Concluiu-se pelos crescentes trabalhos na área que, apesar de ser inegável a influência genética na DP, ainda são necessários muitos outros estudos para melhor compreender esse mecanismo.
Palavras-chave
Periodontite, polimorfismos, genética
Abstract
periodontal diseases (PD) encompass multifactorial diseases due to the infection caused by periodontopathogenic microorganisms resulting in inflammation and periodontal destruction, are modulated by the host response. The immune response is influenced by host habits such as smoking. Important host factors regarding PD have been investigated in the last years, especially in immunogenetics. The aim of this literature review was to comment about genetic factors that might influence periodontal diseases. A search of Bireme and PubMed data bases was performed using terms like “Periodontitis, Genetics and Polymorphisms”. Important studies focusing on human genetics in individuals with periodontitis were selected to demonstrate positive and negative relationship between genetics factors, like polymorphisms, and PD. It can be concluded, considering the crescent number of studies in this area, that PD is influenced by genetic factors, although more researches are necessary to better understand which mechanisms are involved in this process.
Keywords
Periodontitis, polymorphisms, genetics
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