Avaliação da Perda Óssea Alveolar em Pacientes Encaminhados a Especialista em Periodontia: Estudo Radiográfico
An evaluation of alveolar bone loss in patients referred to periodontist: a radiographic study
Kerbauy, W.D.; Moraes, L.C.; Lima, F.R.; Médici Filho, E.
Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.29, n1-2, p.55-70, 2000
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a porcentagem média de perda óssea alveolar (% MPOA) em radiografias de pacientes encaminhados a periodontista para tratamento. Foram empregadas séries de 14 radiografias periapicais, tomadas com a técnica do paralelismo, de 213 pacientes (90 homens e 123 mulheres) com média de idade de 44,5 anos. Foram avaliadas 9.608 superfícies proximais de 4.804 dentes. A perda óssea alveolar foi calculada como porcentagem média, baseando-se na técnica de Schei et al. (1959). Os mesmos pontos de referência também foram usados: distância junção esmalte-cemento à crista óssea alveolar e distância junção esmalte-cemento ao ápice dentário, medidas com auxílio de paquímetro digital. Verificou-se que a porcentagem média de perda óssea alveolar foi de 22,39%. Homens exibiram maior % MPOA que mulheres; a arcada superior exibiu % MPOA maior que a inferior; as superfícies distais mostraram % MPOA maior que as mesiais; a % MPOA aumentou com a idade, embora as diferenças entre os grupos etários sejam consideradas estatisticamente não significativas (p>0,05); a % MPOA foi maior nas proximais dos dentes dos hemiarcos direitos que dos esquerdos (p<0,05). A mais alta porcentagem média de perda óssea alveolar foi encontrada no grupo dos molares, seguida pelo grupo dos incisivos e grupo dos pré-molares; o grupo dos caninos exibiu a mais baixa % MPOA. As diferenças entre os grupos dentários foram consideradas estatistica mente significativas (p<0,01). Foi discutido o emprego dessa técnica nos consultórios e nas clínicas radiográficas para documentação e classificação dos pacientes e para futuras comparações sobre nível ósseo alveolar.
Palavras-chave
perda óssea alveolar, radiografia, radiografia dentária, radiografias periapicais
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean of alveolar bone loss (%) in radiographies of patients referred to specialist for periodontal treatment. Full-mouth series of periapical radiographies (paralelism technique) were used. A total of 9.808 proximal surfaces in 4.804 teeth of 213 patients (90 males and 123 females), mean age, 44.5 years, were assessed. The alveolar bone loss was measured in relation to root lenght expressed as an average similar to Schei’s technique (1959) without the use of ruler. The landmarkers used were the distances cement-enamel juntion (CEJ) – alveolar crest (AC) and CEJ – dental apex measured with a digimatic caliper. The results showed that the mean values of alveolar bone loss (% ABL) was 22.39%. Men showed higher mean values of % ABL than women; the % ABL increased with age, but the difference among age groups was no statistically significant (p>0.05); the mean values of % ABL of distal surfaces was higher than mesial surfaces (p<0.01); right quadrants exhibited higher % ABL values than left quadrants (p<0,01); maxillary sites showed mean values of % ABL higher than mandibular sites; the highest mean values of % ABL was found in molar group, followed by incisor groups, and premolar group; the canine group exhibited lower mean values of % ABL; the differences among the groups were considered statitistically significant (p<0.01). This technique has been recommended for use in dental office for patient's documentation and assortment and for later comparison about alveolar bone level.
Keywords
Alveolar bone loss, radiograph, radiography dental, periapical radiographs
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