Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.11615
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

The knowledge level of dental surgeons regarding the relationship between occlusal factors and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)

Nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre a relação entre fatores oclusais e Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM)

Assis, Jefferson Filippo Castro de; Silva, Pâmela Lopes Pedro da; Lima, Jully Anne Soares de; Forte, Franklin Delano Soares; Batista, André Ulisses Dantas

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Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between dental occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remains a subject of disagreement. Many professionals erroneously base diagnosis and treatment strictly on the occlusal factor, despite the fact that current scientific evidence does not show such a relationship. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of dental surgeons (DSs) from João Pessoa (PB)-Brazil, regarding the relationship between occlusal factors and TMD. Materials and method: A sample of 100 DSs who do not have expertise in TMD and orofacial pain (CG Group) and seven DSs with this specialty (EG Group) completed a questionnaire that addresses issues concerning knowledge of TMD and its relationship with occlusal factors. The questionnaire also contained information used to characterize the sample, such as age, gender, and length of experience. The current literature’s degree of consensus was established as the “gold standard” response for each statement and was compared with the responses of the specialists and non-specialists. Data were tabulated using the SPSS software package and analyzed descriptively (by percentage) and statistically using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). Result: A wide divergence could be observed between the knowledge of DSs who do not specialize in TMD and orofacial pain and that of professionals who do. Conclusion: There was low agreement between specialists and non-specialists. The relationship between dental occlusion and TMD remains unclear for the vast majority of participating professionals, which may prove to be reflected in diagnostic behaviors and inappropriate occlusal treatment for the management of TMD.

Keywords

Dental occlusion, temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome, knowledge.

Resumo

Introdução: A relação da oclusão dentária com a Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) ainda gera divergências. Muitos profissionais erroneamente baseiam o diagnóstico e a terapia estritamente no fator oclusal, apesar das evidências científicas atuais não mostrarem tal relação. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs) de João Pessoa-PB, acerca da relação entre fatores oclusais e DTM. Material e método: Uma amostra de 100 CDs que não possuem especialização em DTM e Dor Orofacial (Grupo GN), além de sete CDs com essa especialidade (Grupo GE) preencheram questionário abordando assuntos relativos ao conhecimento da DTM e sua relação com fatores oclusais. O questionário continha também informações para caracterização da amostra como idade, gênero e tempo de formado. O grau de consenso da literatura atual para cada sentença foi estabelecido como “padrão-ouro” de resposta, o qual foi comparado com as respostas dos especialistas e não especialistas. Os dados foram tabulados no programa SPSS e analisados de forma descritiva (através de porcentagens) e, estatística, por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultado: Observou-se grande divergência no conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sem especialidade em DTM e Dor Orofacial com os profissionais dessa especialidade. Conclusão: Houve baixa concordância entre os especialistas e não especialistas. A relação entre oclusão dentária e disfunção temporomandibular ainda permanece obscura para a grande maioria dos profissionais entrevistados, o que pode vir a se refletir em condutas de diagnóstico e tratamento oclusal inadequadas para o manejo das DTM.

Palavras-chave

Oclusão dentária, síndrome da disfunção da articulação temporomandibular, conhecimento.

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