Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.03623
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis on third molar extraction

Eficácia da profilaxia antibiótica na extração de terceiros molares

Pedro Gomes Junqueira MENDES; Davisson Alves PEREIRA; Mariana Silva BONATTO; Eduvaldo Campos SOARES JÚNIOR; Samara de Souza SANTOS; Ana Vitória Borges MARTINS; Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes OLIVEIRA

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.03623 Rev. odontol. UNESP, vol.52, e20230036, 2023
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Abstract

Introduction: Third molar extraction surgery is a common dental procedure, often challenging with increased post-operative complications. The need for antibiotic prophylaxis in these cases remains debated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the postoperative clinical course of third molar extraction surgeries.

Material and method: Sixty-three patients were randomly allocated into two groups after extraction of the four third molars. ATB group (N = 33) the patients received 1g of amoxicillin one hour before the surgical procedure, CTR group (N = 30) the patients did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. Clinical analyses were performed at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after the surgical procedure. These analyses consisted of assessing oedema, variation in mouth opening, and soft tissue healing. Furthermore, patient-centered analyses were also carried out through the application of the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain, inflammation, bleeding, difficulty opening the mouth, and chewing.

Result: No influence of antibiotic prophylaxis was observed on the evolution of clinical parameters of healing, oedema, and mouth opening. Patients did not notice differences regarding their comfort during the postoperative period.

Conclusion: The incidence of complications observed in the present study was low and was not related to infectious processes. The use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has no beneficial effects on the postoperative clinical course in third molar extraction.

Keywords

Antibiotic prophylaxis, healing, third molar

Resumo

Introdução: Exodontia de terceiro molar é um procedimento odontológico comum, frequentemente desafiador, com complicações pós-operatórias aumentadas. A necessidade de profilaxia com antibióticos nesses casos ainda é motivo de debate.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da profilaxia com antibióticos no curso clínico pós-operatório das cirurgias de extração do terceiro molar.

Material e método: Sessenta e três pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em dois grupos posteriormente a cirurgia de exodontia dos quatro terceiros molares. Grupo ATB (N = 33) utilizou 1g de amoxicilina uma hora antes do procedimento cirúrgico e grupo CTR (N = 30) sem profilaxia antibiótica. Os dentes foram classificados de acordo com Pell & Gregory e Winter. Análises clínicas foram realizadas nos períodos de 3, 7, 14 e 30 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. As análises consistiram na avaliação do edema, variação de abertura de boca e a cicatrização dos tecidos moles. Também foram executadas análises centradas nos pacientes por meio da aplicação da escala visual analógica (VAS) para avaliação de dor, inflamação, sangramento, dificuldade de abertura bucal e de mastigação.

Resultado: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação ao posicionamento dos dentes. Não foi observada influência da profilaxia antibiótica nos parâmetros clínicos de cicatrização, edema e abertura de boca. Os pacientes não notaram diferenças em relação ao seu conforto no pós-operatório.

Conclusão: A incidência de complicações foi baixa e não foi relacionada a processos infecciosos. O uso de antibioticoterapia profilática não apresentou efeitos benéficos para o curso clínico pós-operatório em exodontia de terceiros molares.

Palavras-chave

Antibioticoprofilaxia, cicatrização, terceiro molar

References

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Submitted date:
11/07/2023

Accepted date:
11/07/2023

656a00c0a9539508db647d05 rou Articles
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